Objective To study the effects of levosimendan on cardiac function, serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in patients with acute heart failure. Methods Selecting 100 patients with acute heart failure admitted to Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 as the research objects, and dividing them into the control group (50 Cases) and the treatment group (50 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in the control group were given dobutamine hydrochloride injection, and patients in the treatment group were given levosimendan injection on this basis. Patients in both groups were treated for 7 d. The clinical efficacy, cardiac function and serum BNP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups of patients. Results After 7 d of treatment, the total clinical effective rate of patients in the treatment group was 90.00%, which was higher than the 68.00% of the control group; Compared with before treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) level of the two groups of patients increased after treatment, and the treatment group was higher than the control group; left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and serum BNP, IL-6 and TNF-α levels of the two groups decreased, and the treatment group was lower than the control group (all P <0.05). Conclusion Levosimendan can effectively enhance the heart function of patients with acute heart failure, reduce the serum levels of BNP, IL-6, TNF-α, inhibit the occurrence of inflammation, and have a significant effect.