Objective? To explore the effects of volume and pressure ventilation modes on the airway pressure and blood gas index levels in infant laryngeal mask anesthesia. Methods A total of 100 infants who underwent laryngeal mask anesthesia in Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May 2020 to June 2021 were divided into the control group (50 cases, adopting volume ventilation mode) and the observation group (50 cases, adopting pressure ventilation mode) according to the random number table method. The airway pressure, tidal volume (TV), air leakage rate and blood gas indexes before anesthesia (T0), 10 minutes after pneumoperitoneum (T1), and 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum deflation (T2), and the occurrence of adverse reactions 24 hours after operation of children were compared between the two groups. Children in both groups were observed for 24 hours after operation. Results At T1 and T2, the levels of Peak airway pressure (Ppeak), mean airway pressure (Pmean) of children in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05); compared with T0, the inspiratory TV of children in the observation group increased first and then decreased from T1 to T2, and the air leakage first decreased and then increased from T1 to T2, while the inspiratory TV level in the observation group at T1 was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the air leakage rate was significantly lower than that in the control group (allP<0.05); compared with T0, the levels of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of children in the two groups increased first and then decreased from T1 to T2, and the levels of alveolar arterial oxygen partial pressure (A-aDO2) increased gradually from T1 to T2 (all P<0.05); but there was no significant difference in the levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), PaCO2 and A-aDO2 between the two groups at different time points (all P>0.05); the total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Pressure ventilation mode and volume ventilation mode can maintain good airway pressure during infant laryngeal mask anesthesia, and pressure ventilation mode can further ensure effective lung ventilation, reduce airway pressure and laryngeal mask air leakage rate, and which has higher security. Keywords: Laryngeal mask anesthesia; Volume ventilation mode; Pressure ventilation mode; Airway pressure