Objective? To investigate the effects of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection on neonatal immune function and liver function, and in order to provide theoretical basis for promoting their healthy growth. Methods The clinical data of 51 newborns infected with HCMV treated in Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data of 20 newborns with active HCMV infection were used as the active group and 31 newborns with latent HCMV infection were used as the latent group; the clinical data of 80 healthy newborns who delivered normally in the hospital in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The differences of immunoglobulin, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, NK cells and liver function indexes among the three groups were compared, and the correlation between the indexes was analyzed byPearson correlation analysis. Results? There was no significant difference in the levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) among the healthy control group, the latent group and the active group (all P>0.05); compared with the healthy control group, the percentage of CD3+ , CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ in the active group and the latent group were significantly lower, and the active group was significantly lower than that in the latent group; the percentage of CD8+ in the active group was significantly higher than that in the latent group (allP<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the level of NK cells among the three groups (all P>0.05); compared with the healthy control group, the levels of serum total bilirubin (TBiL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and total bile acid (TBA) in the active group and latent group were significantly higher , and the active group was significantly higher than that in the latent group; the results showed that the percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ in peripheral blood were negatively correlated with TBIL, ALT, AST, GGT and TBA, and the percentages of CD8+ were positively correlated with TBiL, ALT, AST, GGT and TBA (all P<0.05). Conclusion HCMVinfection has little effect on the humoral immune function of newborns, but it can inhibit the cellular immune function and strengthen the damage of liver function, and the activity period has the greatest impact.