Objective To explore the correlation between ABO blood type and the incidence of common malignant tumors in Xinjiang, in order to provide reference for clinical tumor prevention and treatment. Methods The blood type data of 1 221 patients with common malignant tumors diagnosed in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Hospital from January 2010 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed (the malignant tumor group), in addition the blood type data of 3 997 healthy people who received physical examination in the hospital in the same period were analyzed retrospectively (the health group). The ABO blood type distribution of the malignant tumor group and the health group were compared; the correlation between ABO blood type and 4 types of malignant tumors was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient method; the relative risk of malignant tumor in the different ABO blood types was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. Results According tostatistics, in the malignant tumor group, the proportion of patients with blood type A was the highest, and the proportion of patients with blood type AB was the lowest; and the distribution of ABO blood types in patients with stomach cancer was significantly different from that of the healthy group (χ 2 =19.364, P<0.05); the ABO blood group distribution of lung cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer was not significantly different from that of the health group (χ 2 =1.037, 0.937, 2.399, all P>0.05); according to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, the incidence of lung cancer, stomach cancer and breast cancer was positively correlated with the proportion of blood type A (r =1.781, 1.274, 1.074, all P<0.05); according to multivariate Logistic regression analysis, people with blood type A were at high risk of malignant tumors, the risk of lung cancer, stomach cancer, and breast cancer with blood type A were significantly higher than those in non-blood type A (OR =1.421, 1.521, 1.521, all P<0.05). Conclusion ABO blood type has a certain correlation with the occurrence of malignant tumor, people with blood type A have a higher risk of developing lung cancer, stomach cancer, and breast cancer than other people with non-blood type A.