Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory factor levels and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in patients with sepsis, and to analyze the prognostic value of inflammatory factor levels. Methods The clinical data of 155 patients with sepsis admitted to Xiajin County People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, according to SOFA score, they were divided into 3 groups, mild group (38 cases, 1~5 points), moderate group (42 cases, 6~10 points) and severe group (75 cases, >10 points), according to the prognosis, patients were divided into survival group (120 cases) and death group (35 cases). The levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and SOFA scores in the 3 groups of patients with different severity and in the survival group and death group were compared, the correlation of SOFA score with inflammatory factors was analyzed, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of inflammatory factors. Results Serum levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT, IL-10, TNF-α and SOFA scores in mild, moderate and severe groups showed a gradual increase trend; SOFA score was positively correlated with serum levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT, IL-10 and TNF-α in patients with sepsis according to Pearson correlation coefficient analysis (r=0.424, 0.385, 0.414, 0.445, 0.438, all P<0.05); compared with survival group, serum levels of IL-6, CRP, PCT, IL-10, TNF-α and SOFA scores increased in death group (all P<0.05); the ROC curve showed that the area under curve (AUC) of the prognosis of sepsis evaluated by PCT was the largest, and the Yoden index was the highest (P<0.05). Conclusion The more severe the condition of sepsis patients, the higher the level of inflammatory factors in the body, SOFA score was significantly correlated with inflammatory factors,serum inflammatory factors can be used as prognostic indicators of sepsis, among which PCT has the highest application value